关注遭受过童年期不良经历的青少年，探究影响其恢复力的因素

Multi-level factors associated with psychological resilience in the face of adverse childhood experiences among Chinese early adolescents

中国早期青少年面对童年期不良经历时心理复原力的多水平相关因素

Author: Mengyuan Yuan, Yuheng He, Fan Wang, Xue Wen, Yingying Tong, Dongxue Zhu, Gengfu Wang, Puyu Su

Source: Child Abuse & Neglect

Doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116511.

Abstract

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are pervasive and exert enduring negative effects on health throughout one's life. A better understanding of resilience among adolescents with ACEs exposure is crucial to enhance their mental health; however, comprehensive and multifaceted analyses of its associated factors are limited.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate multi-level correlates of psychological resilience in Chinese early adolescents exposed to ACEs.

Participants and setting: In a sample of 5724 middle school students, 65.5 % (n = 3749; 49.1 % females; Mage = 13.57, SD = 0.96) reported ACEs during their primary school period and were finally included in this study.

Method: Both linear regression and network models were conducted to explore correlates of capacity- and outcome-oriented resilience at the individual (i.e., five personality traits, emotional release, and loneliness), family (i.e., family support and relationships with the mother and father), and school levels (i.e., peer support, teacher support, and relationships with classmates and teachers).

Results: Linear regression analysis revealed that all correlates were associated with capacity- (β ranged from −0.271 to 0.503, P_FDR < 0.001 for all) and outcome-oriented resilience (β ranged from −0.516 to 0.229, P_FDR < 0.001 for all). Similarly, network analysis revealed that neuroticism, conscientiousness, loneliness, emotional release, extraversion, and the relationship with the mother were directly associated with both capacity- (weights ranged from 0.029 to 0.179) and outcome-oriented resilience (weights ranged from 0.024 to 0.396). However, openness, peer and family support, and relationships with classmates and teachers were directly associated with capacity-oriented resilience (weights ranged from 0.020 to 0.201).

Conclusions: This study identified the shared and unique associated factors for capacity- and outcome-oriented resilience in the face of ACEs and demonstrated the complex interactions between these factors, which can guide tailored interventions to enhance resilience among Chinese early adolescents with ACEs exposure. Further longitudinal studies may endeavor to confirm our results.

摘要

背景：童年逆境经历（Adverse Childhood Experiences, ACEs）普遍存在，并对健康产生持久的负面影响。更好地理解ACE暴露青少年的心理弹性对增强他们的心理健康至关重要；然而，关于其相关因素的全面分析有限。

目的：本研究旨在调查暴露于ACE的中国早期青少年的心理弹性的多水平相关因素。

参与者和设置：在5724名中学生的样本中，65.5%（n = 3749；49.1%为女性；平均年龄 = 13.57岁，标准差 = 0.96）报告了在小学期间经历过ACE，并最终被纳入本研究。

方法：通过线性回归和网络模型探讨了个体（即五大人格特质、情绪释放和孤独感）、家庭（即家庭支持以及与母亲和父亲的关系）和学校层面（即同伴支持、教师支持以及与同学和教师的关系）对以能力为导向和以结果为导向弹性的相关因素。结果: 线性回归分析表明，所有相关因素都与以能力为导向（β范围为-0.271至0.503，所有P_FDR < 0.001）和以结果为导向的弹性（β范围为-0.516至0.229，所有P_FDR < 0.001）相关。类似地，网络分析显示，神经质、尽责性、孤独感、情绪释放、外向性以及与母亲的关系直接与以能力为导向的弹性（权重范围为0.029至0.179）和以结果为导向的弹性（权重范围为0.024至0.396）相关。然而，开放性、同伴和家庭支持以及与同学和教师的关系直接与以能力为导向的弹性相关（权重范围为0.020至0.201）。

结论：本研究确定了在面对ACE时以能力为导向和以结果为导向弹性的共同和独特相关因素，并展示了这些因素之间的复杂相互作用，这可以为增强ACE暴露中国早期青少年弹性的个性化干预措施提供指导。未来需要更多的纵向研究来进一步验证我们的结果。