青少年接触学校周围绿地可能降低出现抑郁症状风险，但仍需控制娱乐屏幕时间

The association between green space around schools, screen time for entertainment, and adolescent depressive symptoms: A nationwide study from China

学校周围绿地、娱乐屏幕时间与青少年抑郁症状之间的关联： 中国的一项全国性研究

Author:Yu Liu , Shuqin Li , Tongyan Deng, Lanlan Li, Runyu Wei , Ying Zhang, Jinping Ou, Fangbiao Tao, Yuhui Wan

Source: Environmental Research

DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120100

Abstract

Background: Natural green environments are beneficial to people’s mental health, while too much screen time may be harmful to adolescents’ mental health. However, it is not clear how green spaces and screen time affect mental health together in adolescents.

Methods: A total of 22,868 adolescents were recruited from October to December 2021 in eight cities in China, through multistage cluster sampling. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to investigate adolescents’ depressive symptoms, and the Normalised Vegetation Index for the 200m, 500m and 1000m buffer zones around the school represents the green cover around the school. We used binary logistic regression to analyse the association between green space, screen time and depressive symptoms.

Results: In fully adjusted models, the highest quartile of NDVI in the 200m, 500m and 1000m buffer zones around the school was a protective factor for depressive symptoms. For less than 2 h of recreational screen time, the highest quartiles of the NDVI and the association with depressive symptoms were negatively correlated for the 200m, 500m and 1000m buffer zones (NDVI200: 0.904(0.848–0.964)), NDVI500: 0.863(0.808–0.921), NDVI1000: 0.862(0.808–0.920)). The highest quartiles of NDVI in all buffers were not associated with depressive symptoms when the screen time was >2 h. The association between green space and depressive symptoms at lower recreational screen time was observed to be stronger in the group of adolescents with a lower family economic status (NDVI200: 0.780(0.695–0.876), NDVI500: 0.838(0.748–0.938), NDVI1000: 0.783(0.698–0.879)). No potential gender differences were observed.

Conclusions: For adolescents with less than 2 h of recreational screen time per day, the greenery around the school had a protective effect on their mental health, especially for adolescents from economically disadvantaged families. Green spaces around schools are significant in improving health inequities.

Keywords: Adolescents; Depressive symptoms; Green space; Screen time

摘要

背景：自然绿色环境有益于人们的心理健康，而过多的屏幕时间则可能对青少年的心理健康有害。然而，目前还不清楚绿地和屏幕时间如何共同影响青少年的心理健康。

方法：采用多阶段整群抽样方法，于2021年10月-12月在中国的8个城市共收集22868名青少年的资料。采用患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）调查青少年抑郁症状，学校周围200米、500米和1000米缓冲区的归一化植被指数（NDVI）代表学校周围绿色覆盖。我们使用二元logistic回归分析绿地、视屏时间与抑郁症状的关联。

结果：在完全调整的模型中，学校周围 200 米、500 米和 1000 米缓冲区内 NDVI 的最高四分位数是抑郁症状的保护因素。对于少于 2 小时的娱乐屏幕时间，在 200 米、500 米和 1000 米缓冲区内，NDVI 的最高四分位数与抑郁症状呈负相关（NDVI200：0.904(0.848-0.964))，NDVI500：0.863(0.808-0.921)，NDVI1000：0.862(0.808-0.920)）。在家庭经济状况较差的青少年群体中，绿地与较低娱乐屏幕时间抑郁症状之间的关系更为密切（NDVI200：0.780(0.695-0.876), NDVI500：0.838(0.748-0.938), NDVI1000：0.783(0.698-0.879)）。没有观察到潜在的性别差异。

结论：对于每天娱乐屏幕时间少于2小时的青少年来说，学校周围的绿化对他们的心理健康有保护作用，尤其是对于来自经济困难家庭的青少年。学校周围的绿地对改善健康不平等现象意义重大。