中国儿童青少年视屏时间、家庭作业和阅读时间、睡眠时间、社会时差与心理健康的关联

Association between screen time, homework and reading duration, sleep duration, social jetlag and mental health among Chinese children and adolescents

中国儿童青少年视屏时间、家庭作业和阅读时间、睡眠时间、社会时差与心理健康的关联

Author: Tingting Li, Xiaoling Liu, Caiyun Cao, Feng Yang, Peng Ding, Shaojun Xu, Shuman Tao, Xiaoyan Wu, Fangbiao Tao

Source: BMC Psychiatry

DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-06233-w.

Abstract

Objectives: To examine the associations of screen time, homework and reading duration, sleep duration, social jetlag with mental health in children and adolescents, as well as its gender differences.

Methods: From December 2023 to April 2024, a total of 62 395 children and adolescents were selected from 51 schools in 17 cities of China by stratified cluster sampling. Screen time, homework and reading duration, sleep duration, and social jetlag were calculated by answering the questions about watching TV time, playing smartphones time, doing homework time, reading extracurricular books time, bedtime, wake-up time, and nap time during weekdays and weekends. Mental health was assessed by the Revised Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5). The generalized linear model was used to determine the association between screen time, homework and reading duration, sleep duration, social jetlag, and mental health in children and adolescents.

Results: The generalized linear model results showed that longer watching TV time, longer playing smartphones time, longer homework time, and greater social jetlag were correlated with poorer mental health in children and adolescents, while longer nighttime sleep duration, and longer daytime nap duration were correlated with better mental health. Moreover, in primary school and junior high school, we found that this association was stronger during the weekdays. However, in senior high school, this association was stronger during the weekends. After according to gender stratified, we found that the strength of this association was different in boys and girls at different study phases. Furthermore, our findings also revealed a significant quadratic relationship, indicating the association of better mental health with an optimal amount of sleep duration.

Conclusions: There was a significant association between screen time, homework and reading duration, sleep duration, social jetlag, and mental health in children and adolescents. This study has the potential to offer useful insights for the prevention and control of mental health issues in children and adolescents.

Keywords: Screen time, Homework and reading duration, Sleep duration, Social jetlag, Mental health

摘要

目的: 研究儿童青少年视屏时间、家庭作业和阅读时间、睡眠时间、社会时差与心理健康的关联及其性别差异。

方法: 2023年12月至2024年4月，采用分层整群抽样的方法，从中国17个城市51所学校抽取了62 395名儿童青少年。通过回答有关工作日和周末看电视时间、玩手机时间、做家庭作业时间、阅读课外书籍时间、就寝时间、起床时间和午睡时间的问题，计算出视屏时间、家庭作业和阅读时间、睡眠时间和社会时差。通过修订版心理健康量表-5（MHI-5）评估儿童青少年的心理健康状况。采用广义线性模型分析儿童青少年视屏时间、家庭作业和阅读时间、睡眠时间、社会时差与心理健康的关联。

结果: 广义线性模型结果显示，儿童青少年看电视时间较长、玩手机时间较长、家庭作业时间较长、社会时差较大与心理健康状况较差相关，而夜间睡眠时间较长、白天午睡时间较长与心理健康状况较好相关。在小学和初中，我们发现这种关联在工作日更强。而在高中，这种关联在周末更强。根据性别分层后，我们发现在不同的学段，这种关联的强度在男孩和女孩中是不同的。此外，我们的研究结果还揭示了一个显著的二次关系，表明更好的心理健康与最佳睡眠时间有关。

结论: 儿童青少年视屏时间、家庭作业和阅读时间、睡眠时间、社会时差与心理健康存在显著关联。本研究可为预防和控制儿童青少年心理健康问题提供有用的见解。