Longitudinal association of urinary DHPPA and DHBA with cardiometabolic risk markers in Chinese community-dwelling adults

中国社区成人尿液DHPPA和DHBA与心血管代谢性风险指标的纵向关联研究

Authors：Yaling Shao, Zisuo Sun, Kewan Yin, Mengting Xu, Jiajia Zhao, Zhuang Zhang, Wanshui Yang

Source：European Journal of Nutrition

DOI: 10.1007/s00394-025-03637-6

Abstract

Purpose: Epidemiological studies using dietary biomarkers to investigate the association between whole grain intake and cardiometabolic health are lacking. We evaluate the 1-year longitudinal associations between urinary alkylresorcinol (AR) metabolites including 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanoic acid (DHPPA) and 3,5-dihydroxybenozoic acid (DHBA), biomarkers of whole grain wheat and rye intakes, and cardiometabolic risk markers.

Methods: Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were repeatedly measured at baseline and after 1-year in 482 Chinese community-dwelling adults. Blood lipids and fasting glucose were assayed by electrochemical luminescence method. We assessed makers of inflammation and insulin response at baseline. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and ankle-brachial index (ABI) were measured after 1-year. We used linear models and linear mixed-effects models to analyze single measurement and repeated measurements, respectively.

Results: Each 1 µg/g creatinine increase in urinary DHPPA concentrations was associated with a -0.72% (P = 0.027) and - 1.26% (P = 0.005) decrease in TC and LDL-C, respectively. Urinary DHPPA was also correlated inversely with interleukin 6 (β = -0.371, P = 0.018) and C-reactive protein (β = -0.487, P = 0.036) at baseline. Higher urinary DHBA levels were associated with lower levels of SBP and DBP, with the percentage differences per 1 µg/g creatinine increment of -0.65% and - 0.74%, respectively (all P < 0.05). No association was found between the urinary AR metabolites and arterial stiffness.

Conclusions: Our study suggests that high intakes of whole grain wheat and rye, reflected by urinary DHPPA and DHBA, are favorably associated with cardiometabolic risk markers.

Keywords: Alkylresorcinol metabolites; Cardiometabolic risk; DHBA; DHPPA; Repeated measurements.

摘要

目的：目前缺乏使用膳食生物标志物探究全谷物摄入与心脏代谢健康关系的流行病学研究。本研究通过一年纵向调查，评估尿液烷基间苯二酚代谢物（AR）包括3-（3,5-二羟苯基）-1-丙酸（DHPPA）和3,5-二羟基苯甲酸（DHBA）与心脏代谢风险标志物的关联，其中AR是反映全麦和黑麦摄入的生物标志物。

方法：对482名中国社区成人进行基线和1年后重复测量，指标包括血清总胆固醇（total cholesterol，TC）、总甘油三酯（triglyceride，TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high-density lipoprotein cholesterol，HDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol，LDL-C）、空腹血糖、收缩压（systolic blood pressure，SBP）以及舒张压（diastolic blood pressure，DBP）。血脂和空腹血糖采用电化学发光法检测。基线时评估炎症和胰岛素反应指标，一年后测量肱踝脉搏波速度（Brachial–Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity，baPWV）以及踝肱指数（Ankle–Brachial Index，ABI）。分别采用线性模型和线性混合效应模型分析单次测量和重复测量数据。

结果：尿液DHPPA浓度每增加1 µg/g肌酐，TC和LDL-C分别降低-0.72%（P=0.027）、−1.26%（P=0.005）。基线尿液DHPPA的浓度与白细胞介素6（β=-0.371，P=0.018）和C反应蛋白（β=-0.480，P=0.039）呈负相关。尿液DHBA浓度每增加1 µg/g肌酐，SBP和DBP分别降低-0.65%和−0.74%（P均<0.05）。未发现AR与动脉硬度存在关联。

结论：通过尿液中的DHPPA和DHBA水平所反映的全麦和黑麦较高摄入量，与心脏代谢风险标志物存在有益关联。

关键词：烷基间苯二酚代谢物；3-（3，5-二羟基苯基）-丙酸；3，5-二羟基苯甲酸；心血管代谢风险；重复测量