身体活动有助于改善老年人认知功能，但暴露于颗粒物污染的中高强度身体活动反而可能会对认知功能有害

The interaction between physical activity and ambient particulate matters on cognitive function among Chinese community-dwelling older adults

身体活动与环境颗粒物对中国社区老年人认知功能影响的交互作用

Author: Junzhe Li, Qiang Liu, Ziwei Tian, Yan Zhang, Xuqiu Cheng, Yuan Wang, Hongli Wang, Xianwei Guo, Huaibiao Li, Liang Sun, Bing Hu, Dongmei Zhang, Chunmei Liang, Jie Sheng, Fangbiao Tao, Guimei Chen, Jun Wang, Linsheng Yang

Source: Journal of Affective Disorders

DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.108.

Abstract

Background: The interaction between physical activity (PA) and ambient particulate matters (PMs) on cognition is rarely investigated. Our study aimed to assess the interactions of PA and PMs on cognitive function in older adults.

Methods: Our study comprised 3937 Chinese community-dwelling older adults. Cognition was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination. PA information was gathered using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The data of PMs were obtained from China High Air Pollutants (CHAP). Linear regressions model and interaction plots were applied to assess and visualize the interaction of PA and PMs on cognition, respectively. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) method was employed to visualize discernible thresholds for the interaction.

Results: PMs were negatively associated with MMSE scores (PM₁: β = −0.40, 95 % CI: −0.58, −0.28; PM_2.5: β = −0.46, 95 % CI: −0.64, −0.29; PM₁₀: β = −0.44, 95 % CI: −0.61, −0.26), and PA was positively affiliated with MMSE scores (β = 0.18, 95 % CI: −0.01, 0.38). Interaction plots and BKMR demonstrated that adverse connotations of PMs with MMSE increased with the elevated PA levels, and the positive associations of PA with MMSE scores were attenuated by increased PMs (all P _interaction < 0.20). Discernible thresholds for the interaction between PMs and PA on MMSE were found.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that PA should not be taken at higher PMs concentrations, and that low level of PA could be performed in PMs polluted environment to improve cognitive function. Further experimental and cohort researches are required to reproduce our discovery.

Keywords: older adults; cognitive function; physical activity; particulate matters

摘要

背景：很少有研究探讨身体活动和环境颗粒物对认知影响的交互作用。我们的研究旨在评估身体活动与颗粒物对老年人认知功能影响的交互作用。

方法：我们的研究包含3937名中国社区老年人。使用简易精神状态量表（MMSE）评估认知功能。通过国际体力活动问卷收集身体活动信息。颗粒物数据来自中国高空气污染物（CHAP）。线性回归模型和交互作用图分别用于评估和可视化身体活动和颗粒物对认知功能影响的交互作用。贝叶斯核机回归（BKMR）方法用于探索交互作用的可识别阈值。

结果：颗粒物浓度与MMSE评分呈负相关（PM₁: β = −0.40, 95 % CI: −0.58, −0.28; PM_2.5: β = −0.46, 95 % CI: −0.64, −0.29; PM₁₀: β = −0.44, 95 % CI: −0.61, −0.26），身体活动与MMSE评分呈正相关（β = 0.18, 95 % CI: −0.01, 0.38）。交互作用图和BKMR结果表明，颗粒物对认知功能的负效应随着身体运动水平的升高而增强，而身体活动对认知功能的正效应因颗粒物浓度的增加而减弱（所有P _interaction < 0.20）。研究还通过BKMR方法发现了身体活动与颗粒物之间交互作用的可识别阈值。

结论：我们的研究结果表明，不应在颗粒物污染较严重的时候进行身体活动，可以在颗粒物污染的环境中进行低水平的体力活动以改善认知功能。需要进一步的实验和队列研究来验证我们的发现。