儿童和年轻成人真实生活24小时光照暴露模式的综合评估：强度、时间和节律

Comprehensive Assessment of Real-Life 24-h Light Exposure Pattern in Children and Young Adults: Intensity, Timing and Rhythm

儿童和年轻成人真实生活24小时光照暴露模式的综合评估：强度、时间和节律

Authors: Qi Li, Wen-Qin Ding, Yu-Ting Shen, Yu-Hui Wan, Pu-Yu Su, Fang-Biao Tao, Ying Sun

Source: Journal of Sleep Research

DOI: 10.1111/jsr.70119

Abstract

Increased urban living has changed our daily patterns of light exposure, with lower light levels during the day and higher levels at night. However, few studies have documented the light exposure pattern in school-aged children and free-living young adults. To characterise the 24-h light exposure pattern in children and young adults, and to explore the difference between the two age groups, this study measured daily light exposure pattern, including intensity, timing, rhythm, via wearable light sensors for at least 5 consecutive days among 831 children aged 7-11 years and 344 young adults over 18 years recruited from China. The median intensity of light exposure during daytime was more than 1000 lx in children, but significantly lower for young adults (191.62 lx [98.76, 338.57]; p < 0.001). Children were exposed to higher levels of light exposure during the entire nighttime and sleep time compared to young adults. In addition, children showed more robust light exposure rhythm, with higher interdaily stability (IS) and lower intradaily variability (IV) (IS: 0.90 [0.85, 0.94]; IV: 0.59 [0.51, 0.68]) than young adults (IS: 0.71 [0.62, 0.78]; IV: 0.85 [0.70, 0.99]; all p < 0.001). The median intensity of daylight and nightlight was higher on weekdays both in children and young adults. In this cross-sectional study, children and young adults were exposed to light exposure patterns diverging from recommendation. Our findings suggest that interventions enhancing daylight and avoiding nightlight need to be implemented, especially for young adults.

Keywords: children; light exposure pattern; light exposure rhythm; light intensity; young adults.

摘要

城市化生活方式的改变已改变了我们日常的光照暴露模式，白天光照水平较低，而夜间光照水平较高。然而，鲜有研究记录学龄儿童和自由生活年轻成年人的光照暴露模式。为了描述儿童和年轻成年人的24小时光照暴露模式，并探索两个年龄组之间的差异，本研究通过可穿戴光传感器测量了831名7-11岁儿童和344名18岁以上年轻成年人的每日光照暴露模式，包括光照强度、时间和节律，测量时间至少为5个连续日。白天光照强度的中位数在儿童中超过1000 lux，但在年轻成年人中显著较低（191.62 lx [98.76, 338.57]；p < 0.001）。与年轻成年人相比，儿童在整个夜间和睡眠时间的光照水平更高。此外，儿童的光照暴露节律更为稳定，表现为更高的日间稳定性（IS）和更低的日间变异性（IV）（IS：0.90 [0.85, 0.94]；IV：0.59 [0.51, 0.68]），而年轻成年人则表现为较低的IS（0.71 [0.62, 0.78]）和较高的IV（ IV：0.85 [0.70, 0.99]；所有p值均<0.001）。儿童和年轻成年人在工作日的白天光照和夜间光照的 median 强度均更高。在这项横断面研究中，儿童和年轻成年人的光照暴露模式与推荐标准存在偏差。我们的研究结果表明，需要实施增强白天光照并避免夜间光照的干预措施，尤其针对年轻成年人。

关键词：儿童；光照模式；光照节律；光照强度；年轻成年人。