胎盘单一金属和混合金属负荷与后代血脂异常的关系：孕期维生素D水平能否缓解这一影响？

Association of placental single and mixed metal burdens with offspring dyslipidemia: Can vitamin D levels during pregnancy alleviate this effect?

胎盘单一金属和混合金属负荷与后代血脂异常的关系：孕期维生素D水平能否缓解这一影响？

Authors:Jixing Zhou, Juan Tong, Chunmei Liang, Shidie Chen, Jie Sheng, Guopeng Gao, Hui Cao, Shuangqin Yan, Fangbiao Tao, Kun Huang

Source:Journal of Hazardous Materials

DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139312

Abstract

Metals can partly accumulate in the placenta and disrupt placental function, thereby affecting fetal programming. Prenatal metal exposure may be associated with long-term lipid health in offspring, but this association has not been studied in birth cohorts. In the Ma'anshan birth Cohort (MABC), placental tissue concentrations of fourteen metals were quantified. We assessed the lipid profile of children aged 5-6 years and identified children with dyslipidemia. Placental thallium (Tl) (OR = 1.555; 95 % CI: 1.150-2.103), vanadium (V) (OR = 1.465; 95 % CI: 1.131-1.898), and molybdenum (Mo) (OR = 1.446; 95 % CI: 1.038-2.014) are associated with increased risk of dyslipidemia in children. Both bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and weighted quantile sum (WQS) models suggested that placental metal mixture were positively associated with increased risk of dyslipidemia. The results of both WQS and quantile g-computation (Qgcomp) analyses revealed that Mo, V, and Tl were the three key metals predominantly responsible for the heightened risk of dyslipidemia. In the interaction analysis, no significant moderating effect on dyslipidemia was found between maternal average vitamin D levels during pregnancy and single or mixed placental metals. However, the association between placental V and dyslipidemia was more pronounced in maternal average vitamin D deficiency group, while placental Mo was associated with dyslipidemia only in maternal average vitamin D non-deficiency group. Moreover, the association of placental Tl, V, Mo, Zn, Cu with dyslipidemia was particularly prominent in mother-child pairs with metabolic disorders during pregnancy. In summary, placental exposure to Tl, V and Mo may increase the risk of dyslipidemia in offspring, no significant evidence of a modifying effect by average vitamin D levels. While exploratory trimester-specific analyses suggest potential complexity, these findings require confirmation in future studies to avoid conflicting conclusions.

Keywords:Cohort; Dyslipidemia; Metal; Placenta; Vitamin D.

摘要:

金属可在胎盘中部分积累并干扰胎盘功能，从而影响胎儿编程。胎儿期金属暴露可能与后代的长期脂质健康相关，但这一关联在出生队列研究中尚未被探讨。在马鞍山出生队列中，我们测定了胎盘组织中14种金属的浓度。我们评估了5-6岁儿童的脂质谱，并识别出脂质异常的儿童。胎盘中的铊（OR = 1.555；95% CI：1.150-2.103）、钒（OR = 1.465；95% CI：1.131-1.898）和钼（OR = 1.446； 95% CI：1.038-2.014）均与儿童血脂异常风险增加相关。贝叶斯核机器回归（BKMR）和加权分位数和（WQS）模型均表明，胎盘金属混合物与血脂异常风险增加呈正相关。WQS和分位数g计算分析结果显示，Mo、V和Tl是导致血脂异常风险升高的三大关键金属。在交互作用分析中，未发现孕期母亲平均维生素D水平与单一或混合胎盘金属之间对血脂异常存在显著的调节作用。然而，胎盘钒与血脂异常的关联在母亲平均维生素D缺乏组中更为显著，而胎盘钼仅在母亲平均维生素D非缺乏组中与血脂异常相关。此外，胎盘铊、钒、钼、锌、铜与血脂异常的关联在孕期存在代谢紊乱的母婴对中尤为突出。综上所述，胎盘暴露于铊、钒和钼可能增加后代血脂异常的风险，且未发现平均维生素D水平对该关联具有显著的修饰作用。尽管探索性孕期特异性分析提示潜在复杂性，但这些发现需在未来研究中进一步验证以避免矛盾结论。

关键词：队列研究；血脂异常；金属；胎盘；维生素D