周末与工作日间的睡眠及进食时间差异较大与昼夜节律紊乱风险增加相关

Association between behavioral jet lag with subjective and objective circadian rhythm among Chinese young adults

中国青年个体行为时差与主、客观昼夜节律的关联

Author: Yu-Xiang Xu, Jing Li, Yu-Hui Wan, Pu-Yu Su, Fang-Biao Tao, Ying Sun

Source: Social Science & Medicine

DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117689.

Abstract

Background: Behavioral jet lags (social and eating jet lag), the difference in sleep and eating time between weekdays and weekends, are ubiquitous in modern society. However, evidence on the effects of behavioral jet lags on circadian rhythm is limited.

Methods: Social jet lag was assessed using wrist-worn accelerometers. Eating jet lag was measured through Tencent online form with the method of ecological momentary assessment. Total jet lag was calculated as social jet lag plus eating jet lag. Participants were divided into 3 behavioral jet lag patterns: low (both social and eating jet lag < 1h), medium (social or eating jet lag ≥ 1h), and high (both social and eating jet lag ≥ 1h). Subjective and objective circadian rhythm were assessed by reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ)-based chronotype and the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) time in 7 saliva samples, respectively.

Results: The mean age of the sample (n = 140) was 20.7 ± 0.8 years, and 60% were women. Compared to low behavioral jet lag group, medium and high behavioral jet lag group exhibited lower rMEQ score and later DLMO time. Each hour increase in social jet lag was associated with 2.27 point-decrease of rMEQ score, and 24 min-delay of DLMO time; each hour increase in eating jet lag was associated with 1.71 point-decrease of rMEQ score, and 28 min-delay of DLMO time; each hour increase in total jet lag was associated with 1.08 point-decrease of rMEQ score, and 17 min-delay of DLMO time (all P-values < 0.05). Additionally, social jet lag explained 6.7% of the variance in the timing of DLMO, which was higher than eating jet lag (4.2%).

Conclusion: Higher behavioral jet lags were significantly associated with increased risk of circadian disruption among young adults. Maintaining consistency in daily behavioral cycles may be an effective intervention for the prevention of circadian disruption.

Keywords: Behavioral jet lag; Chronotype; Circadian rhythm; Dim light melatonin onset; Eating jet lag; Social jet lag.

摘要

背景：行为时差（社会时差和进食时差），即周末与工作日之间睡眠及进食时间的差异，在现代社会中无处不在。然而，目前关于行为时差对昼夜节律影响的证据有限。

方法：使用腕戴式加速度计评估社会时差。通过腾讯在线表格，基于生态瞬时评估方法测量进食时差。总时差计算为社会时差加进食时差。参与者被分为 3 种行为时差模式：低（社会时差和进食时差均＜1小时）、中（社会时差或进食时差≥1小时）和高（社会时差和进食时差均≥1小时）。分别通过缩减版清晨型-夜晚型量表（reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire，rMEQ）和基于连续7个唾液样本的暗光褪黑素初始释放时间（dim light melatonin onset，DLMO）评估个体主观和客观昼夜节律。

结果：样本的平均年龄 （n＝140）为 20.7±0.8 岁，60% 为女性。与低行为时差组相比，中和高行为时差组表现出较低的 rMEQ 得分和较晚的DLMO时点。社会时差每增加1小时，rMEQ得分降低2.27分，DLMO时点延迟24分钟；进食时差每增加1小时，rMEQ 评分降低1.71分，DLMO时点延迟28分钟；总时差每增加1小时，rMEQ 评分降低1.08分，DLMO时点延迟17分钟 （所有 P 值均＜0.05）。此外，社会时差解释了DLMO时点方差的6.7%，而进食时差仅解释了DLMO时点方差的4.2%。

结论：较高的行为时差与青年个体昼夜节律紊乱风险增加显著相关。保持日常行为周期的一致性可能是预防昼夜节律紊乱有效的干预措施之一。

关键词：行为时差；时相；昼夜节律；暗光褪黑素初始释放时间；进食时差；社会时差。